When I look into your eyes It's like watching the night sky Or a beautiful sunrise There's so much they hold And just like them old stars I see that you've come so far To be right where you are How old is your soul?
I won't give up on us Even if the skies get rough I'm giving you all my love I'm still looking up
And when you're needing your space To do some navigating I'll be here patiently waiting To see what you find
'Cause even the stars they burn Some even fall to the earth We've got a lot to learn God knows we're worth it No, I won't give up
I don't wanna be someone who walks away so easily I'm here to stay and make the difference that I can make Our differences they do a lot to teach us how to use The tools and gifts we got yeah, we got a lot at stake And in the end, you're still my friend at least we did intend For us to work we didn't break, we didn't burn We had to learn how to bend without the world caving in I had to learn what I've got, and what I'm not And who I am
I won't give up on us Even if the skies get rough I'm giving you all my love I'm still looking up Still looking up.
I won't give up on us (no I'm not giving up) God knows I'm tough enough (I am tough, I am loved) We've got a lot to learn (we're alive, we are loved) God knows we're worth it (and we're worth it)
I won't give up on us Even if the skies get rough I'm giving you all my love I'm still looking up
The
thesis discuses some proverbs but there are some grammatical mistakes.
1.This proverb is
a compound sentence which consists of two clauses so it has two subject and
predicate.
·It should be:
This proverb is a compound sentence which consists of two clauses so it has two
subjects and predicates.
ØWord “subject and predicate” is plural so it should be
added by “s”.
2.While the TL
proverb; besar berudu di kubangan, besar
buaya di laautan; is a phrase that consist of two noun phrases.
·It should be:
The TL proverb: besar berudu di kubangan,
besar buaya di laautan: is a phrase that consists of two noun phrases.
ØWord “while” should not be used in the beginning of
sentence, because word “while” is conjunction of clause and not a sentence
connector.
ØWord “consist” refers to a phrase, so it should be
added by “s”.
3.These proverbs
have same illustrate that everybody love their homes or places where they live
within.
·It should be:
These proverbs have same illustration that everybody loves their homes or
places where they live.
ØWord “illustrate” has function as a noun so it should
be “illustration”.
ØWord “love” should be added by “s” because it has
singular subject.
4.While it has
meaning shift that the SL means janganlah
menolak tawaran yang baik and the TL means the banana tree has results once
in its live and dies after that.
·It should be: It
has meaning shift that is the proverb in the SL means janganlah menolak tawaran yang baik and the proverb in the TL means
the banana tree bears fruit one in its life and dies after that.
ØThe phrase “has results” in the sentence means
“menghasilkan” whereas the word that intended is “berbuah”, so the right word
to use is “bears fruit”.
ØWord “while” should not be used in the beginning of
sentence, because word “while” is conjunction of clause and not a sentence
connector.
ØWord “live” has function as a noun, so it should be
“life”
5.For each meaning
of the proverbs has interpretation that a second chance is never come twice and
accept it do not refuse, so use it well.
·It should be:
Each meaning of the proverbs has interpretation that a second chance never comes
twice, so do not refuse it.
ØWord “for” should not be used in the beginning of
sentence, because word “for” is conjunction of clause.
ØThe sentence “accept it do not refuse, so use it well”
is too long. So it should be changed into “so do not refuse it”.
ØWord “come” refers to a second chance, so it should be
added by “s”
6.In these
proverbs have meaning shift but it have similar illustrate.
·It should be:
These proverbs have meaning shift but they have similar illustration.
ØWord “in” as preposition should not be used in the
beginning of sentence.
ØWord “it” should be changed “they” because word “it”
refers to “these proverbs”.
ØWord “illustrate” has function as a noun so it should
be changed into “illustration”.
7.People who
looking for luck for himself when there is a disorder or something that avoided
by someone maybe done by another.
·It should be:
People who look for luck for himself when there is disorder or something that
is avoided by someone maybe done by another.
-Semantics: kajian linguistic yang mempelajari makna
dari morfem, kata, frasa, dan kalimat.
-Pragmatics: kajian linguistic yang mempelajari makna
kontekstual di balik sebuah ujaran atau makna yang tercipta pada saat sebuah
ujaran tersebut diujarkan.
Objek kajian:
-Semantics: morfem, kata, frasa, kalimat
-Pragmatics: ujaran (semua bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh
alat ujar manusia yang mempunyai makna)
Keterangan:
-Semantics hanya mempelajari makna abstrak, yaitu hanya
makna yang melekat pada morfem, kata, frasa, kalimat tersebut. Semantics tidak
mempedulikan situasi saat morfem, kata, frasa, atau kalimat tersebut digunakan.
-Pragmatics tidak hanya mempelajari makna yang melekat
pada morfem, kata, frasa atau kalimat yang digunakan. Tapi juga mempelajari
konteks saat sebuah ujaran tersebut diujarkan. Pragmatics memperhatikan waktu,
tempat, siapa yang mengujarkan, dan pada siapa ujaran itu ditujukan.
-Objek kajian semantics hanya memiliki satu makna,
yaitu makna yang melekat padanya yang sesuai dengan kamus.
-Objek kajian pragmatics mempunyai makna yang beragam
tergantung interpretasi setiap orang yang mendengar ujaran tersebut diujarkan.
(1) Pragmatik
adalah kajian mengenai hubungan antara tanda (lambang) dengan penafsirnya,
sedangkan semantik adalah kajian mengenai hubungan antara tanda (lambang)
dengan objek yang diacu oleh tanda tersebut.
(2) Pragmatik
adalah kajian mengenai penggunaan bahasa, sedangkan semantik adalah kajian
mengenai makna.
(3) Pragmatik
adalah kajian bahasa dan perspektif fungsional, artinya kajian ini mencoba
menjelaskan aspek-aspek struktur linguistik dengan mengacu ke pengaruh-pengaruh
dan sebab-sebab nonlinguistik.
(4) Pragmatik
adalah kajian mengenai hubungan antara bahasa dengan konteks yang menjadi dasar
dari penjelasan tentang pemahaman bahasa.
(5) Pragmatik
adalah kajian mengenai deiksis, implikatur, praanggapan, tindak tutur, dan
aspek-aspek struktur wacana.
(6) Pragmatik
adalah kajian mengenai bagaimana bahasa dipakai untuk berkomunikasi, terutama
hubungan antara kalimat dengan konteks dan situasi pemakaiannya.
Dari beberapa definisi tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa
cakupan kajian pragmatik sangat luas sehingga sering dianggap tumpang tindih
dengan kajian wacana atau kajian sosiolinguistik. Yang jelas disepakati ialah
bahwa satuan kajian pragmatik bukanlah kata atau kalimat, melainkan tindak
tutur atau tindak ujaran (speech act)
Perbedaan kajian
makna dalam semantik dengan pragmatik:
Perbedaan kajian makna dalam semantik dengan pragmatik:
1. Pragmatik mengkaji makna di luar jangkauan semantik.
Contoh:
Di sebuah ruang kelas, Dewi duduk di deretan kursi belakang. Lalu, ia berkata
kepada gurunya, “Pak, maaf saya mau kebelakang.”
Kata yang bergaris
bawah itu ‘belakang’ secara semantik berarti lawan dari depan, berarti kalau
dikaji secara semantik, Dewi hendak ke belakang. Akan tetapi, kalau kita lihat
konteksnya, Dewi sudah duduk di deretan paling belakang. Tentu saja tidak mungkin
makna ‘belakang’ yang diartikan secara semantik yang dimaksud Dewi. Nah,
sekarang kita kaji dengan menggunakan pragmatik, di mana dalam pragmatik ini
dilibatkan yang namanya “konteks”. Konteksnya apa? Konteksnya yaitu keadaan
Dewi yang sudah duduk di belakang, sehingga tidak mungkin ia minta izin untuk
ke belakang lagi (kita gunakan logika). Biasanya, orang minta izin ke belakang
untuk keperluan sesuatu, seperti pergi ke toilet atau tempat lainnya. Nah,
kalau yang ini masuk akal kan?
Jadi, makna kata ‘belakang’ dalam kalimat di atas tidak dapat dijelaskan secara
semantik, hanya bisa dijelaskan secara pragmatik. Maka dari itulah dinyatakan
bahwa kajian makna pragmatik berada di luar jangkauan semantik.
2. Sifat kajian dalam semantik adalah diadic relation (hubungan dua arah),
hanya melibatkan bentuk dan makna. Sifat kajian dalam pragmatik adalah triadic
relation (hubungan tiga arah), yaitu melibatkan bentuk, makna, dan konteks.
3. Semantik merupakan bidang yang bersifat bebas konteks (independent context),
sedangkan pragmatik bersifat terikat dengan konteks (dependent context). Hal
ini dapat dijelaskan pada contoh soal poin ke-1. Pada contoh tersebut, ketika
makna kata ‘belakang’ dikaji secara semantik, ia tidak memperhatikan konteksnya
bagaimana (independent context), ia hanya dikaji berdasarkan makna yang
terdapat dalam kamus. Namun, ketika kata ‘belakang’ dikaji dengan pragmatik,
konteks siapa yang berbicara, kepada siapa orang itu berbicara, bagaimana
keadaan si pembicara, kapan, di mana, dan apa tujuannya ini sangat
diperhatikan, sehingga maksud si pembicara dapat dimengerti oleh orang-orang di
sekitarnya.
4. Salah satu objek kajian semantik adalah kalimat, sehingga semantik ini
sering disebut makna kalimat. Dalam pragmatik, objek kajiannya adalah tuturan (utterance)
atau maksud.
5. Semantik diatur oleh kaidah kebahasaan (tatabahasa), sedangkan pragmatik
dikendalikan oleh prinsip komunikasi. Jadi, kajian makna dalam semantik lebih
objektif daripada pragmatik, karena hanya memperhatikan makna tersebut sesuai dengan
makna yang terdapat dalam leksemnya. Kajian makna pragmatik dapat dikatakan
lebih subjektif, karena mengandung konteks/memperhatikan konteks. Dan setiap
orang pasti mempunyai makna sendiri sesuai dengan konteks yang dipandangnya.
Selain itu, pragmatik juga dimotivasi oleh tujuan komunikasi. Selain itu,
pemaknaan semantik itu ketat, karena terpaku pada makna kata secara leksikal
(tanpa konteks), sedangkan pemaknaan pragmatik lebih lentur karena tidak mutlak
bermakna “itu”.
6. Semantik bersifat konvensional, sedangkan pragmatik bersifat
non-konvensional. Dikatakan konvensional karena diatur oleh tatabahasa atau
menggunakan kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan.
7. Semantik bersifat formal (dengan memfokuskan bentuk: fonem, morfem, kata,
klausa, kalimat), sedangkan pragmatik bersifat fungsional.
8. Semantik bersifat ideasional, maksudnya yaitu makna yang ditangkap masih
bersifat individu dan masih berupa ide, karena belum dipergunakan dalam
berkomunikasi. Sedangkan pragmatik bersifat interpersonal, maksudnya yaitu makna
yang dikaji dapat dipahami/ditafsirkan oleh orang banyak, tidak lagi bersifat
individu, karena sudah menggunakan konteks.
9. Representasi (bentuk logika) semantik suatu kalimat berbeda dengan
interpretasi pragmatiknya.
Contoh: “Kawan, habis makan-makan kita minum-minum yuk…”
• Dikaji dari semantik, kata “minum-minum” berarti melakukan kegiatan ‘minum
air’ berulang-ulang, tidak cukup sekali minum.
• Dikaji dari segi pragmatik, kata “minum-minum” berarti meminum minuman keras
(alkohol).
Rabu, 01 Februari 2012
THE ONE WHO NEVER GOT AWAY
CHARACTER
Summer:early
twenties, a student of a university, smart, cheerful, girly, too melodramatic
Tom:early
twenties, a student of a university, insensible, lazy, romantic, kind
Autumn:early
twenties, a student of a university, a lil bit too frankly, careless
SETTING
The setting is the year of
2011 and 2012. The location is a park around a campus building. The campus
building is quite big, three floors, around thirty rooms. Meanwhile, the park
is located next to the parking lot, with some benches around it.
THE PLAY
Summer, Tom, and Autumn are
best friends. They go to the same university, they are even class mates. It’s been
two years that Summer felt something special toward Tom. However, she doesn’t
tell anyone. She keeps her on and off feeling for herself, at first at least.
Then, she can’t stand to tell her best friend, Autumn. Autumn suggests Summer
to tell her feeling to Tom. Then, Summer tries to express her feeling to Tom.
ACT 2
SCENE 1
(Windy
Saturday afternoon becomes a difficult day for Tom that time. He comes to the
campus just wearing shirt which often he wears with his ordinary Jeans. He
never thinks that day will be one of his important days for his life. Then
Summer comes with some serious words that makes Tom fell like freezing. He
never thinks that summer will say that).
Summer:“If there’s a girl you know confessing her
feeling towards you, what’ll you do?”
Tom:“Depends on who that girl is. If she’s hot,
I won’t miss the chance. Hahaha.”
Summer:“What if the girl was me?”
Tom:“You’re not hot enough to be my girl.
Hahaha. I’m kidding.”
Summer:“How if I’s seriously saying that?”
Tom:(Stop
laughing.) “You.. You serious?”
Summer:“Yeaa.. It’s been a while though. I’m just
not brave enough to tell.”
Tom:“I.. I don’t know what to say..” (Staring
to Summer)
Summer:“How if I am the girl who confessing my
feeling towards you, Tom?”
Tom :“Summer, I don’t know what you are talkin..
I think you are kidding, but you are serious. I just.. I just don’t know how
come? You…“
Summer:“Slow, Tom”. (Cut Tom’s words)
“I don’t know how can I
love you. But that’s my feeling”
Tom:“I think we are friends”
Summer: “Yes, we are”
“But, I can’t keep this
feeling for a long times, I just want you to know what I feel towards you, Tom”
Tom: “So, what do you wish from me?”
Summer: “I don’t know”
Tom:“Aaaa…I’m
speechless”
Summer:“Maybe… you still want to be my friend or be
my… boyfriend?”
Tom;“Summer, I…”
(Autumn comes
suddenly)
Autumn:“Hey, Summer!”
“Here you are. I’m
looking for you in canteen but you’re not there. What are you doing here?
Teacher is in the class”
(Summer doesn’t answer,
Autumn look into Tom)
Autumn:“Tom, you don’t wanna attend the class? Your
absent is full, isn’t it?”
(Tom
doesn’t answer. He still look at Summer. Then Summer walks to the class without
saying anything and Autumn walks next to her with confused face).
SCENE 2
(Autumn
fells that something happens on that time. She doesn’t know that summer has
been told Tom what she feels. When class is over Autumn ask to Summer)
Autumn
:“What happen to you?”
Summer:“What?”
Autumn: “You look so different”
Summer: “Only your feeling”
Autumn:“No!. You’re quite today”
Summer:“I’m not!”
Autumn: “Yes, you are!”
Summer:“I’m okay Autumn!. Please..”
Autumn:“OK… whatever”
Summer:“ I
just…”
“I’m hungry, let’s get some foods”
Autumn: “Mmm…I’m not hungry, actually, but OK… let’s
go”
SCENE 3
(In
the restaurant, Summer still thinking about Tom but she doesn’t want to tell
anyone about what happen between her and Tom firstly, but she can’t keep it by
herself, than she shares it to Autumn).
Autumn:“it’s a good fried rice, huh?”
Summer:“No”
Autumn: “whoa!? Did you say no? I think we have the
same appetite, but it’s not”
Summer:“Not really, I don’t know, maybe all of
foods will not taste good for me now”
Autumn:“Yes, I know, because this food really tasty,
but you said no”
Summer:“Yeeah..” (Looking at her fried rice and
play with the spoon in the plate)
Autumn:“So, you still don’t wanna tell me?”
Summer: “About what?”
Autumn:“I don’t know..”
(Summer stop playing
her spoon and look to Autumn)
“What?”
Summer:“I’ve told him”
Autumn:“Tom?”
Summer:“Yea..”
Autumn:“Are you?”
Summer:“Yes”
Autumn:“What he said?”
Summer:“He didn’t believe it”
Autumn:“Did he answer your love?”
Summer:“He
didn’t answer it”
Autumn:“So, he didn’t believe it and didn’t answer
too? Or he refused you? I don’t understand Summer, please tell me!”
Summer:“I don’t know he want to answer or not”
Autumn:“So?”
Summer:“You
came when he want to say something”
Autumn:“O..oo I’m so sorry Summer, I don’t know… if
I know that I will not…”
Summer:“It’s OK, Autumn. Let’s go home. I’m sleepy”
Autumn: “Are you mad with me?”
Summer:“No… maybe it was not the right time”
Autumn:“Ya… But don’t be sad, please.. I’m feeling
guilty with you”
Summer:“You’re not Autumn. Let’s go home”
SCENE
3
(It’s
been several days since Summer talked to Tom about her feeling. Every day, they
meet in campus without saying anything. Every night Summer can’t sleep and so
does Tom. He confused with his heart. He still keeps his heart in his ex girl
friend. He can’t move till that time. However he can’t wish with his ex
girlfriend, because she already has a boyfriend. In the other hand, Summer
still wait for Tom’s answer, but Tom keep silent. Then, Summer sends a message to
Tom to meet her in a cafe at the evening of Sunday. Tom receives the message
and come to the cafe).
Tom:“Hey Summer”
Summer:“Hey Tom, I thought you’re not coming, you
don’t reply my message”
Tom:“Sorry, I was sleeping when you text me, I forgot
to reply when I woke. Hahaha..”
Summer:“Uh, so typically you, lazy”
Tom: “But you love rite?”
Summer:“Damn..”
Tom:“So… you miss me?”
Summer:“Hahaha… No.”
Tom:“Then? Why you want me here?”
Summer:“I
just want to know… What do you feel when I say that?”
Tom:“Say what?”
Summer:“Oh
God, please… you forget with that? Or you want me to say again?”
Tom:“Hahaha.. relax Summer.. don’t be mad”
Summer:“I’m not”
Tom:“I
don’t know”
Summer:“You don’t know what?”
Tom:“Maybe.. I … I don’t know how to tell you”
Summer:“Jus’ say it. I will be OK with your answer”
Tom:“I like you, Summer… as friend” (Looking
to Summer with serious face)
“Is
that all rite?”
Summer: “Hahaha.. it’s okay Tom, don’t look me like
that”
“Yeaa…
I hope we could be more than just a friend, but if you think friend is better,
I can understand Tom.. And.. You know what I feeling know?”
Tom:“Ha?”
Summer:“I feel relieved when I told you”
Tom:(Smiling)
“You okay?”
Summer: “Yeaa, I never feel as good as this time
before. I feel that… Umm.. I feel better when I have told you about that.
You’re still my friend”
Tom:“Best friend”
SCENE 4
(After
that day, Summer looks well from the outside but actually she feels sad. She just
covers it from anyone. In the other hand, Tom feels something left from his
life, since that day. He doesn’t understand what that is, but he begins looking
Summer in the different way, not just as a friend again. Summer is a nice girl.
She always helps Tom in his lecture. She’s very kind and care with Tom. It
makes Tom thinks that Summer make a good change for his life. Summer makes his
life better and perfect. He thinks about Summer every night. Firstly, he
doesn’t know what he feels towards Summer. Until one day Tom realizes that what
he fells recently is a love. He wants to make Summer happy).
Tiiingg
Toonng… ( Summer opens the door)
Summer:“Hey, Tom?.. come in”
(Tom
enters the home without saying anything)
Summer:“Eee… Do you want something to drink?”
Tom:“No”
Summer:“Okay..”
Tom:“I want to say something with you”
Summer:“What is that?”
Tom:“Aaaa… I don’t know what to say… Maybe it
will be help me to say”
(Giving Summer a bunch
of flowers)
Summer:“Is it for me?”
Tom:“For the girl who always in my mind”
Summer:“Me? In your mind? Hey… what is this? I
don’t know”
Tom:“For you, Summer. You’re the girl who always
in my mind.. who always make me smile…”
Summer:“Ha? Me? Are you kidding me? That time you
said we are friends? Don’t you remember?”
Tom:“I’m just not sure with my feeling that time
and now, I wanna make you happy”
